|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
|
| |
|
|
| Döring, Thomas F.; Crowley, Oliver; Wolfe, Martin. |
| An Organic Research Centre project is examining how diversity-based tools can assist in the on-farm improvement of organic wheat. Successful organic crop production requires varieties that are resistant to diseases, competitive against weeds, and effective at scavenging nutrients. Yet conventional plant breeding has largely neglected organic systems by breeding varieties exclusively for high input conditions. As a consequence, organic producers currently do not have enough choice of plant varieties for organic conditions. One way to expand the choice is to create plant diversity anew and subject it to natural selection on organic farms. After several generations the dominating plants would be better suited to organic systems. This idea is being tested... |
| Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19777/1/2011.Doring_et_al.OrgFarm.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Weedon, Odette; Brumlop, Sarah; Heinrich, Sven; Boening, Andreas; Elsner, Maren; Finckh, Maria R.; Lammerts van Bueren, E.T.; Nuijten, E.; Messmer, Monika; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Goldringer, I.; Péter, Mikó; Megyeri, Maria; Borgen, Anders; Rasmussen, Søren K.; Pearce, Bruce; Wolfe, Martin. |
| As environmental and agronomic conditions are heterogeneous between and within locations, diversity within varieties or crop populations should increase adaptability to the changing and variable range of growing environments. The additional pressure of plant genetic diversity loss, has driven novel breeding approaches such as Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) and other genotype mixtures, thereby increasing both intra- and inter-varietal diversity and ensuring a “wider adaptation” capacity for crop varieties (Döring et al., 2011). A winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) CCP was created by intercrossing 20 varieties in 2001, through collaboration with the Elm Farm Research Centre and the John Innes Institute. In 2005, a seed batch of the F4 was equally... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Biodiversity and ecosystem services Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/30323/1/Weedon%20et%20al..pdf |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Döring, Thomas F.; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Borgen, Anders; Finckh, Maria R.; Howlett, Sally; Ortolani, Livia; Pearce, Bruce; Pedersen, T.M.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/27954/1/2013.Doring%20et%20al.COBRA.Eucarpia.pdf |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Döring, Thomas; Pautasso, Marco; Finckh, Maria R.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Plant health is a frequently used but ill-defined term. However, there is an extensive literature on general health definitions and health criteria in human medicine. Taking up ideas from these philosophical debates, concepts of plant health are reviewed and a framework developed to locate these concepts according to their position in several philosophical controversies. In particular, (i) the role of values in defining plant health in a naturalist versus a normativist approach; (ii) negative and positive definitions of plant health; (iii) reductionist versus holistic perspectives; (iv) the focus on functionality versus resilience, i.e. the ability of the plant to perform under stress with or without human interference; (v) materialist versus vitalist... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Research methodology and philosophy. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19772/1/2011.Doring_et_al.Plant_Pathol.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Zarb, John; Ghorbani, Reza; Juntharathep, Pintip; Shotton, Peter; Santos, Joanna; Wilcockson, Steve; Leifert, Carlo; Litterick, Audrey M; Bain, Ruaridh A; Wolfe, Martin. |
| This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Protective copper fungicides are currently used to control late blight in most organic production systems, but approval for their use in organic farming will be revoked in 2002. Evidence suggests that organic potato production will not be reliably economic in the absence of Cu. Current controls for late blight are reviewed including: variety selection/breeding for blight resistance, diversification strategies, agronomic strategies for the management of late blight, and alternative treatments to Cu-fungicides. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Root crops Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8405/1/zarb_Control_strategies_late_blight_potatoes.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Philipps, Lois; Engel, Cindy; Wolfe, Martin. |
| This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Because conventional production of chickens has gone further than any other animal production system towards complete control of the animal’s brief lives, development of effective silvo-poultry systems seems particularly necessary for these essentially woodland birds. The objective is to develop a production system that closely matches the physiological and behavioural needs of the animals being reared. For the example of chickens, this means trying to mimic a woodland/forest-clearing environment. By providing a wide range of trees, shrubs and herbs, it should be possible to provide shelter, nutrition and medicinal benefits for the birds. At the same time, the system needs to fulfil... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Poultry; Farming Systems; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8417/1/philipps_Agroforestry_chicken_production.pdf |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Phillips, Scott; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Heritable variation is at the heart of the process of evolution. However, variation is restricted in breeding for uniform crop populations using the pedigree line approach. Pedigree lines are successful in agriculture because synthetic inputs are used to raise fertility and control weeds, pests and diseases. An alternative method promoted for exploring the value of variation and evolutionary fitness in crops is to create composite cross populations. Composite cross populations are formed by assembling seed stocks with diverse evolutionary origins, recombination of these stocks by hybridization, the bulking of F1 progeny, and subsequent natural election for mass sorting of the progeny in successive natural cropping environments. Composite cross... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/6749/1/PhillipsandWolfe[2]_Lit_review.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Döring, Thomas; Knapp, Samuel; Kovacs, Geza; Wolfe, Martin. |
| In evolutionary plant breeding, crop populations with a high level of genetic diversity are subjected to the forces of natural selection. In a cycle of sowing and re-sowing seed from the plant population year after year, those plants favored under prevailing growing conditions are expected to contribute more seed to the next generation than plants with lower fitness. Thus, evolving crop populations have the capability of adapting to the conditions under which they are grown. Here we review the current state of research in evolutionary plant breeding and concentrate on the ability of evolving plant populations to deal with stressful, variable, and unpredictable environments. This resilience of evolving plant populations is seen as a major advantage under... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19770/1/2011.Doring_et_al.Evo%2DBreed.Sust.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Wolfe, Martin. |
| Modern conventional agriculture is characterized by monocultures. These are less productive in terms of biomass than natural plant communities, which are usually complex mixtures of species and varieties, and they also require more inputs. A central question for organic agriculture is therefore how far we can move from monocultural to polycultural systems in order to benefit from this biodiversity without loss of yield. Rotations are one way of increasing biodiversity, but other components of the EFRC research programme are relevant: breeding programmes for wheat and kale aimed at producing crop populations rather than pure lines; variety and species mixtures, especially for cereals; intercropping legumes with a vegetable rotation (companion... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Education; Extension and communication Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10832/1/Functional_biodiversity.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Döring, Thomas F.; Baddeley, J. A.; Brown, RJ; Collins, R; Crowley, Oliver; Cuttle, Steve; McCalman, Heather; Pearce, Bruce; Roderick, Stephen; Stobart, Ron; Storkey, Jonathan; Watson, Christine; Wolfe, Martin; Jones, H E. |
| As costs for mineral fertilizers rise, legume-based leys are recognised as a potential alternative nitrogen source for crops. Here we demonstrate that including species-rich legume-based leys in the rotation helps to maximize synergies between agricultural productivity and other ecosystem services. By using functionally diverse plant species mixtures these services can be optimised and fine-tuned to regional and farm-specific needs. Field experiments run over three years at multiple locations showed that the stability of ley performance was greater in multi-species mixtures than in legume monocultures. In addition, mixing different legume species in the ley helps to suppress both early and late weeds. Further, combining complementary phenologies of... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Pasture and forage crops; Nutrient turnover; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/20718/1/Doring_et_al_2012_Legume_mixtures_for_ecosystem_service_delivery_%2D_overview.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Döring, Thomas F.; Pautasso, Marco; Finckh, Maria R.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| The co-evolution of plants with their pests and diseases is a major driving force in evolution in nature. As a consequence, many pests and pathogens have multiple functions involved in survival on host populations. As a result of this continuous co-evolution, plant pests and pathogens have been selected for high reproduction rates, because of the low probability of an individual being able to find or infect a compatible host plant. For their part, host plants in natural ecosystems are often interspersed among other plant species and show wide and changing variation among individuals for genes affecting specific or non-specific resistance to each of the many pathogens that may attack them. Throughout the plant world there are dynamic and unstable equilibria... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19803/1/Doering%20chapter%2003.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Fradgley, Nick; Wolfe, Martin; Howlett, Sally; Creissen, Henry; Girling, Robbie. |
| The extremely diverse genetic variation in wheat Composite Cross Populations (CCP) represents a valuable source of breeding material. Such material could be selected as part of a participatory breeding programme with the potential advantage of selecting adaptation targeted for particular environments. For example, selections could be made aimed at producing lines that would thrive under the wide range of management practices conducted as part of organic and low input farming systems. Ears were selected from a CCP mixed stand under organic field conditions in the UK and Hungary. Selected lines were multiplied as single ear rows and 1m2 plots. The best performing five lines from the two selection sites were trialled in Suffolk, UK, in replicated plots... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection Weed management. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26670/1/Selected%20lines%20poster%20%28NF_MSW_RG%29.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Lampkin, Nicolas; Pearce, Bruce; Leake, Alastair; Creissen, Henry; Gerrard, Catherine L; Gerling, Robbie; Lloyd, Sofie; Padel, Susanne; Smith, Jo; Smith, Laurence; Vieweger, Anja; Wolfe, Martin. |
| ‘Sustainable intensification’ is now often used to describe the future direction for agriculture and food production as a way to address the challenges of increasing global population, food security, climate change and resource conservation. While sustainable intensification is interpreted by some to relate to increasing production, with more efficient but potentially increased use of inputs and technology, there is also a need to consider environmental protection, including the conservation and renewal of natural capital and the output of ecosystem services. There is a growing consensus that sustainable intensification should not only avoid further environmental damage, but actively encourage environmental benefits. This includes addressing issues of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/33067/1/A1652615.pdf |
| |
|
|
| Baddeley, J. A.; Döring, Thomas F.; Hatch, David; Marshall, Athole; Pearce, Bruce; Roderick, S; Stobart, Ron; Storkey, Jonathan; Watson, C.A.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| There is a pressing need to develop arable cropping systems that are both more efficient in their use of nitrogen (N) and more resilient to an increasingly variable and unpredictable climate. One potential solution is to use species-rich mixtures of grasses and legumes in the fertilitybuilding phase of a ley/arable crop rotation. These mixtures may reduce N losses and increase productivity of the following crop. They may also have other important benefits such as increased in-field biodiversity. In this project, legume and grass species with a range of tolerances to different environmental conditions, and with differing growth characteristics, are being grown individually and as a mixture across the UK, and their performance assessed. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover; Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19774/1/SACSEPA2010JAB.pdf |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
|
|
|
